Perancangan Sistem Pemantauan Arus dan Tegangan Tinggi pada Sistem Hybrid Panel Surya Berbasis IoT

Abstract

This study aims to design and implement a high-voltage and high-current monitoring system for a hybrid solar power generation system that combines renewable energy sources with the conventional electrical grid. The proposed system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as the main control and data communication unit due to its adequate processing capability and integrated Wi-Fi connectivity. Voltage measurement is performed using a voltage divider circuit equipped with galvanic isolation to ensure the safety of both the system and the control device, while current measurement is carried out using an ACS758 Hall-effect–based sensor capable of non-intrusive high-current sensing. Measurement data obtained from the solar panels, batteries, and inverter are transmitted periodically via the MQTT protocol to the ThingsBoard server for data storage, visualization, and analysis. The monitoring interface presents the data in the form of real-time graphs and is equipped with a notification feature to provide early warnings in the event of abnormal conditions, such as overvoltage and overcurrent. Experimental results demonstrate that the system is capable of measuring voltages up to 600 V DC and currents up to 50 A with an average error of ±2.1%.